Propionibacterium acnes,the most common skin bacteria, secretes a protein with antioxidant capacity.

Nowadays, it is known that almost half of human being are bacteria. We call it microbiome. We read a lot of studies about gut microbiota as it is linked to gastrointestinal diseases.

Interestingly, in this study, the researchers studied skin microbiota.

P. acnes is the most ubiquitous bacteria in skin. It is well known for being associated with acne vulgaris. This bacteria is anaerobe meaning it grows in absence of oxygen. However, the skin can be subjected to several enviromental stress conditions like oxidative stress (ROS). In this study, the scientists show that P. acnes release an enzyme, RoxP that helps protecting the skin from oxydative stress.

RoxP is highly conserved amongst P.acnes strains. Using assays with heme, they showed in vitro that P. acnes acts as an antioxidant.

In previous studies, psoriasis was linked to decrease in P. acnes. We could think that the lack of RoxP is a significant element causing the disease. Other studies need to be led in other to know the extend of the benefit of RoxP.

Please I am thinking of was to improve my blog. Could you please leave me comment below ?

Thanks a lot,

USB stick: 

A new method to measure HIV-1 viral load in the blood stream!

Ok, ok, ...I extrapolate a lot.
However it could happen in a near future. A team of scientist in London developed a pH sensing semiconductor in order to measure HIV-1 viremia. A small sample of blood can be placed on phone chip and onto a USB spot. Any HIV-1 virus present will change the pH which translated into an electric signal. Innovative!

The technology could be used for other viruses like hepatitits.

If you want to read more:

HIV test performed on USB stick
Novel pH sensing semiconductor for point-of-care detection of HIV-1 viremia

Enjoy!

Nobel Prize 2016 

Dear Followers,

here comes again that time of the year....the 2016 Nobel Prize are being awarded. Exciting!

The Nobel Prize of Physiology and/or Medicine is awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of mechanisms of autophagy.

By 大臣官房人事課 - 平成27年度　文化功労者：文部科学省, CC BY 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52028935

What is autophagy?

The word "Autophagy" derived from Greek meaning "eating self". It was coined by the scientist Christian de Duve after he saw cells breaking their part inside the lysosymes, in 1963. Autophagy is a "cleaning" mechanism of cells. 

Ohsumi's discoveries? 
"They led to a new paradigm in our understanding of how the cell recycles its content. His discoveries opened the path to understanding the fundamental importance of autophagy in many physiological processes, such as in the adaptation to starvation or response to infection. Mutations in autophagy genes can cause disease, and the autophagic process is involved in several conditions including cancer and neurological disease."


The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three scientists, one half to David J. Thouless and the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter."

What is topology?

Topology is a branch of mathematics that describes properties that only change step-wise. Using topology, these scientists could demonstrate new matter phases.


David J. Thouless, F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz's discoveries?
"Michael Kosterlitz and David Thouless overturned the then current theory that superconductivity or suprafluidity could not occur in thin layers. They demonstrated that superconductivity could occur at low temperatures and also explained the mechanism, phase transition, that makes superconductivity disappear at higher temperatures."

"In the 1980s, Thouless was able to explain a previous experiment with very thin electrically conducting layers in which conductance was precisely measured as integer steps. He showed that these integers were topological in their nature. At around the same time, Duncan Haldane discovered how topological concepts can be used to understand the properties of chains of small magnets found in some materials."

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines"


What are molecular machines?

Also called Nanomachines, they are tiny machines composed of one or few molecules and synthetised by several chemical reactions.

Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Fering's discoveries?

In 1983, Jean-Pierre Sauvage managed to link two ring-shaped molecules to form a chain called a catenane. In 1992, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart "threaded a molecular ring onto a thin molecular axle and demonstrated that the ring was able to move along the axle." Molecules called rotaxane.

In1999, Bernard L. Fering developped a molecular motor rotating a glass cylinder that is 10,000 times bigger than the motor and also designed a nanocar.

Nobel Prizes Animations

Dear followers,


This week, I would like to share with you a webpage on Nature.com.
It contains animations explaining the findings of 4 scientists who received the Nobel Prize:




1) Big box, small box, light-filled box with Serge Haroche
2) Tick-tock cold clock with Bill Phillips
3) Ain't no stopping them now with Art McDonald
4) No such animal with Dan Shechtman

I think it is a great initiative to break down complex research for everyone to understand and animation is a great way to illustrate.

Let me know what you think,

Have a nice week-end!